INFORMATION: A view of California covering the area which sustained heavy damage and loss of life during a recent earthquake was able to be obtained by the STS-34 astronauts using a 70mm handheld camera aimed through one of the windows of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis. The San Andreas Fault can be seen for over 200 miles from a point west of Coalinga northward to Bolinas Bay. The quake occurred one day prior to Atlantis' October 18, 1989 launch. The area pictured includes from King City in the Salinas Valley northward to Napa Valley. San Francisco - San Pueblo Bay area can be easily delineated at upper right. The Big Sur coast is at lower left. Monterey Bay is at center frame. This scene was one of 26 shown to the press by the five STS-34 crew members at their post-flight press conference.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 34
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, Green, Tan
FILE: SARGASSO
TITLE: Sargasso Sea
INFORMATION: Sunlight reflects off the water of the North Atlantic Ocean in an area to the east of the Bahamas sometimes called the Sargasso Sea. The area has also been referred to as the "Bermuda Triangle." Astronauts Thomas K II, Commander, and Henry W. Hartsfield Jr., Pilot, spent seven days and one hour aboard the Earth-orbiting Columbia and performing a variety of duties in addition to those of recording 70mm and 35mm imagery.
MISSION: Space Shuttle Columbia
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Black, Royal Blue, White
FILE: SATURN
TITLE: Saturn with Moons
INFORMATION: Saturn and two of its moons, Tethys (above) and Dione, were photographed by Voyager 1 on November 3, 1980, from 13 million kilometers (8 million miles). The shadows of Saturn's three bright rings and Tethys are cast onto the cloud tops. The limb of the planet can be seen easily through the 3500-kilometer-wide (2170 miles) Cassini Division, which separates ring A from ring B. The view through the much narrower Encke Division, near the outer edge of ring A is less clear. Beyond the Encke Division (at left) is the faintest of Saturn's three bright rings, the C ring or crepe ring, barely visible against the planet. The Voyager Project is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA.
MISSION: Voyager 1
LOCATION: Space near Saturn
COLORS: Sand, Beige, Brown, Black, White
FILE: SATURN2
TITLE: Saturn's A-ring
INFORMATION: This false color image of Saturn's A-ring was taken August 23 from a range of about 2.8 million kilometers (1.7 million miles). Green, violet and ultraviolet frames were processed to enhance subtle color differences between the rings. The Cassini Division (lower right corner) appears distinctly bluer than the ring, which is 15,000 km. (9,300 miles) wide. The Encke Division is the prominent dark gap in the A-ring. The inner F-ring shepherding satellite (1980S27) is visible near the top of the photo. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.
MISSION: Voyager 2
LOCATION: Space near Saturn
COLORS: Beige, Orange, Brown, Black, Blue, White
FILE: SATURN3
TITLE: Saturn's C-ring
INFORMATION: This view focusing on Saturn's C-ring (and to a lesser extent, the B-ring at top left) is a false color image made from three pictures taken through separate filters: ultraviolet, clear (a blue filter) and green. Voyager 2 obtained this visual data August 23, 1981 from a range of 2,7 million kilometers (1.7 million miles). More than 60 bright and dark ringlets are evident here; the small, bland squares are caused by the removal of Reseau (reference) marks during processing. Note the color difference between the C-ring (blue in this picture) and the B-ring, an indication of differing surface compositions for the material composing these two complex structures. This image also reveals three ringlet within the C-ring with the same pale yellow color of dirty ice. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.
MISSION: Voyager 2
LOCATION: Space near Saturn
COLORS: Beige, Brown, Orange, Dark Blue, Light Blue, White, Black
FILE: SATURN4
TITLE: Saturn's Rings
INFORMATION: Saturn's rings are seen to the south (lower left) of their shadow on the cloud tops in the Voyager 2 image obtained August 20 from a distance of 6.5 million kilometers (4 million miles). This false color composite was made from images taken through violet, blue, and green filters. Sunlight passing through the Cassini Division creates the white band dividing the shadow. The planet is seen through this division as the orangish band in the rings to the lower left. To the north of the shadow lie numerous atmospheric features within Saturn's strong equatorial jet. The southwest to northeast tilt (upper left to lower right) in these bright features suggest horizontal wind shear within the broad equatorial jet. Here, typical wind speeds are 450 meters-per-second (1,000 mph). The smallest circular features are about 90 km. (56 miles across). The two dark circular features in the equatorial region are artifacts caused by dust rings on the camera lens. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.
MISSION: Voyager 2
LOCATION: Space near Saturn
COLORS: Orange, Brown, Blue, Black, White
FILE: SHUTTLE
TITLE: Shuttle Over Earth
INFORMATION: A View of the Earth's horizon featuring France and England. The Strait of Dover and the English Channel are visible behind the tail (vertical stabilizer) of Challenger. The remote manipulator system (RMS) arm rests in its "stow" position at upper left corner.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 41-G
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, White, Black, Orange, Gray
FILE: SHUTTLE2
TITLE: Shuttle Payload Bay
INFORMATION: The various components of the Astro-1 payload are seen against the blue and white Earth in this 35mm scene photographed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows. Parts of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photopolarimetry Experiment (WUPPE) are visible on the Spacelab pallet in the foreground. The Broad Band X-ray Telescope (BBXRT) is behind this pallet and is not visible in this scene. The smaller cylinder in the foreground is the "Igloo," which is a pressurized container housing the Command and Data Management System, which interfaces with the in-cabin controllers to direct the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) and the telescopes.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 35
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: White, Gray, Black, Blue, Red
FILE: SKYLAB
TITLE: Skylab Photo of Sun
INFORMATION: The Solar Telescope of Skylab took this picture of the sun. The first full-scale, manned astronomical observatory in space, Skylab, was launched May 14, 1973, and was manned by three different crews for a total of 171 days. The Pink Chromosphere flashes out from behind the Moon just as the last bit of the brighter Sun is covered at a total solar eclipse. A solar prominence rises above the chromosphere near the middle of the red arc. The dim blue light around the rest of the Moon is the lower corona. The chromosphere can be seen "edge-on" in this way for but a few seconds at eclipse, for the relentless motion of the Moon soon covers the thin layer. The chromosphere, or "color sphere," was named for its pink-red color, which is due to emission from the Sun.
MISSION: Skylab
LOCATION: Space
COLORS: Black, Blue, White
FILE: SKYLABV
TITLE: Skylab View, S. Italy
INFORMATION: A vertical view of southern Italy photographed from the Skylab 1/2 space station in Earth orbit. This picture was taken by hand-held 70mm Hasselblad camera, using type SO-356 film. This view extends from an area north of Naples southeasterly to the Gulf of Taranto, and includes part of the toe of the Italian peninsula and a portion of the heel. The Bay of Naples, Naples, and Mt. Vesuvius are located on the Mediterranean coast in the northwestern corner of the photograph. The body of water on the eastern side of the Italian peninsula is the Adriatic Sea.
MISSION: Skylab
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Tan, Green, Blue, White
FILE: SOLAR
TITLE: Solar Disk
INFORMATION: Color processing applied to a Skylab 2 image from the Marshall Space Flight Center's SO56 X-ray Telescope separates temperature levels in active regions reflected in the solar corona, or upper atmosphere. This SO82 image sequence shows full solar disk and an enlargement of the spike-like eruption extending 1,600,000 km (1 million miles) into the corona.
MISSION: Skylab 2
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Red, Orange, Yellow, Black
FILE: SOLAR2
TITLE: Solar Flares
INFORMATION: This photograph of the Sun, taken December 19, 1974 by NASA's Skylab 4, shows one of the most spectacular solar flares (upper left) ever recorded, spanning more than 588,000 kilometers (367,000 miles) across the solar surface. A previous picture, taken some 17 hours earlier, showed this feature as a large quiescent prominence on the eastern side of the Sun. The flare gives the distinct impression of a twisted sheet of gas in the process of unwinding itself. Skylab photographs such as these may provide clues to the mechanism by which such quiescent features erupt from the Sun. In this photograph, the solar poles are distinguished by a relative absence of supergranulation network, and a much darker tone than the central portions of the disk. Several active regions are seen on the eastern side of the disk. The photo was taken in the light of ionized helium by the extreme ultraviolet spectroheliograph instrument of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory.
MISSION: Skylab 4
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Red, Orange, Yellow, Black
FILE: SOUCHINA
TITLE: South China Sea
INFORMATION: China, Hong Kong, Macao and the South China Sea are featured in this 70mm frame captured from the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis during the STS-34 mission. Guangzhou (Canton) is to the upper left. The Zhu (Pearl) River estuary carries silt into the sea. Hong Kong and the New Territories are to the lower right center. Kai Tek Airport at Kowloon extends finger-like into the Hong Kong harbor. This scene was one of 26 shown to the press by the five STS-34 crew members at their post-flight press conference.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 34
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Royal Blue, Dark Green, Tan
FILE: SOUTHITA
TITLE: Southern Italy
INFORMATION: This photo was taken with a 70mm camera covers southern Italy, Gulf of Taranto, Adriatic Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. A two stage Saturn IB rocket carrying the Skylab 3 Astronauts: Commander Alan L. Bean, Science Pilot Dr. Owen K. Garriott, Pilot Jack R. Lousma, was launched to the orbiting Skylab at 7:11 am EDT, July 28, 1973, from Kennedy Space Center's Complex 39B. The Astronauts splashed down September 25, 1973 at 6:20 pm EDT, about 362 kilometers (225 statute miles) southwest of San Diego, California. The second Skylab mission of 59 days was Man's longest mission to date.
MISSION: Skylab 3
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Dark Green, Brown, Royal Blue
FILE: SPACE
TITLE: Space Shuttle Lift Off
INFORMATION: The Space Shuttle Columbia lifts off from launch pad 39B at 1:49 am EST, December 2, 1990. Crew members are Commander Vance D. Brand, Pilot Guy S. Gardner, Mission Specialists - John "Mike" Lounge, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, and Robert A. R. Parker, and Payload Specialists - Samuel T. Durrance, and Ronald A. Parise. Space Shuttle Mission STS-35 is carrying the Astro-1 astronomical laboratory on a ten-day flight dedicated to a single discipline, astrophysics.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 35
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center, Florida
COLORS: Gray, Black, Orange, White
FILE: SUNECLIP
TITLE: Space Sun Eclipse
INFORMATION: The Sun fades in eclipse behind the black disc of the Earth as the Apollo 12 astronauts head for the 2nd lunar landing mission. The Apollo 12 crew members, Conrad, Bean, and Gordon were very impressed with the space Sun eclipse, exclaiming its beauty.
MISSION: Apollo 12
LOCATION: Space
COLORS: Black, Orange, Yellow, White
FILE: SUNREFLC
TITLE: Sun Reflecting Off Ocean
INFORMATION: Seldom is the 35mm camera used for Earth-looking scenery on the Shuttle flights. However, the astronaut crew member onboard Atlantis who snapped this picture of the Sun beaming off ocean waters with heavy cloud cover seized an irresistible opportunity to capture some of the many scenes the crew enjoyed while performing mission tasks. Five NASA astronauts spent four days, 10 hours and 19 minutes aboard the spacecraft for a Department of Defense mission.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 36
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Orange, Yellow, White, Blue, Black
FILE: THEMILKY
TITLE: The Milky Way
INFORMATION: This figure presents a new view of the Milky Way Galaxy obtained by the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) on NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite (COBE). This image combines images obtained at the near-infrared wavelengths of 1.2, 2.2, and 3.4 microns, represented respectively as blue, green, and red colors. The image is presented in galactic coordinates, with the plane of the Milky Way galaxy horizontal across the center. The region covers galactic longitudes from 264 degrees (right) to 90 degrees (left), with the Galactic Center at the center. The dominant source of light at these wavelengths are stars within our Galaxy. The image strikingly shows both the thin disk and central bulge populations of stars closer to the Galactic Center than our own Sun, which lies in the disk at a distance of about 28,000 light years from the Center. The image is redder in directions where there is more dust between the stars absorbing starlight from more distant stars. This absorption is so strong at visible wavelengths that the central part of the Milky Way cannot be seen at such wavelengths. The discrete points away from the central disk of the Galaxy are individual stars near the Sun.
MISSION: COBE Satellite
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Yellow, Orange, White, Black
FILE: TROPICAL
TITLE: Tropical Storm
INFORMATION: This Oblique view of Tropical Storm Sam in the eastern Indian Ocean off the western coast of Australia was photographed with a 70mm camera by the STS-32 astronauts. Tropical Storm Sam (known as Willy-Willy in Australia) was born in the eastern Indian Ocean near the Islands of Timor and Suaba in Indonesia. The storm tracked southwestward attaining sustained winds in excess of 60 knots (70 mph). Other than on Christmas Island and the Cocos (Kneeling) Islands south of Java, and for strong swells along the western Australian coast, the storm had little impact on land areas. At the time this photograph was taken, the storm was beginning to dissipate in the south Indian Ocean. The eye of the storm is still visible near center, with the swirling bands of the storm propagating in a clockwise direction toward the center. Winds aloft have begun to shear the tops of thunderstorms associated with the storm, forming a high cirrus cloud cover over the center portions of the storm. This picture was used by the STS-32 astronauts at their January 30, 1990 post-flight press conference.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 32
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: White, Cyan, Blue, Black
FILE: TURKEY
TITLE: Turkey & Med Sea
INFORMATION: Turkey and a portion of the Mediterranean Sea, with the city of Antalya visible, as photographed with an Aero L. Linhof Technika 45 Camera. Numerous eddies and an ocean front can be delineated in the Sun's glint off the water's surface. The folded mountains indicate the rugged topography in this region.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 41-G
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Royal Blue, Sand, Brown, Orange, Dark Green
FILE: TYRRHN
TITLE: Tyrrhenian Sea
INFORMATION: A view of Italy looking to the northeast with the Tyrrhenian Sea in the foreground and the Adriatic Sea and Yugoslavia in the background. Contrails down the axis of Italy clearly indicate the air traffic control system.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 2
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Beige, Brown, Blue, Black
FILE: URANUS
TITLE: Uranus
INFORMATION: This view of Uranus was recorded by Voyager 2 on January 25, 1986, as the spacecraft left the planet behind and set forth on the cruise to Neptune. Voyager was 1 million kilometers ( about 600,000 miles) from Uranus when it acquired this wide-angle view. The picture - a color composite of blue, green, and orange frames has a resolution of 140 km (90 miles). The thin crescent of Uranus is seen here at an angle of 153 degrees between the spacecraft, the planet and the Sun. Even at this extreme angle, Uranus retains the pale blue-green color seen by ground-based astronomers and recorded by Voyager during its historic encounter. This color results from the presence of methane in Uranus' atmosphere; the gas absorbs red wavelengths of light, leaving the predominant hue seen here. The tendency for the crescent to become white at the extreme edge is caused by the presence of a high-altitude haze. Voyager 2 - having encountered Jupiter in 1979, Saturn in 1981, and Uranus in 1986 - will proceed on its journey to Neptune. Closest approach is scheduled for August 24, 1989. The Voyager project is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
MISSION: Voyager 2
LOCATION: Space near Uranus
COLORS: Cyan, White, Black
FILE: VELA
TITLE: Vela Supernova
INFORMATION: The Marshall Center's second High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO-2) is continuing to send back data of unprecedented detail, HEAO scientists report. In this X-ray image of the Vela supernova remnant, a pulsar emitting radio waves can be seen at the center. The pulsar appears as a point source surrounded by weak and diffused emission of X-rays. However, this object does not produce X-ray pulses. HEAO-2's computer processing system is able to record and display the total number of X-ray photons on a scale along the margins of the picture. This device allows astronomers to study fine details of brightness variations otherwise lost in the X-ray image.
MISSION: High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO-2)
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: White, Orange Black
FILE: VENUS
TITLE: Venus Clouds
INFORMATION: This full-disk image of Venus was taken February 11, 1979 by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter. The Orbiter so far has taken 347 images and been circling the planet for some 5 months. This image was taken at 65,000 km (40,000 miles) from Venus. The photo shows what appears to be the dark tail of the "Y" near the middle of the disk with a faint indication of the arms of the "Y" extending beyond the limb. The last image was taken on May 2, 1979, and the next will be taken on June 2, 1979. The month of May will be devoted solely to the gathering of polarimetry data. This phase angle, or the variation of illumination of Venus, has never been seen from Earth. The Orbiter began its orbit of Venus on December 4, 1978. The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, which split into four probes and a bus entered Venus' atmosphere on December 9, sending back extensive data before the planet's searing atmosphere destroyed the probes on the surface. The Multiprobe and Orbiter spacecraft are managed by NASA's Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California. The spacecraft were built by Hughes Aircraft Company of Los Angeles, California.
MISSION: Pioneer Venus Orbiter
LOCATION: Venus Orbit
COLORS: Tan, Brown, Black
FILE: VOLCANO
TITLE: Volcano on Venus
INFORMATION: This false-color Magellan image shows the volcano Sapas Mons, located in the broad equatorial rise known as Atla Regio (8 degrees north latitude, 188 degrees east longitude). The area shown is approximately 650 kilometers (400 miles) on a side. The volcano itself is about 400 kilometers (250 miles) across and 1.5 kilometers (0.9 mile) high. The flanks of the volcano are composed of numerous overlapping lava flows. The dark flows on the lower right are thought to be smoother than the brighter flows near the central part of the volcano. Many of the flows appear to have erupted along the flanks of the volcano, rather than from the summit. This type of flank eruption is common on the large volcanoes on the Earth, such as the Hawaiian volcanoes. The summit area consists of a pair of flat-topped mesas whose smooth tops give a relatively dark appearance in the radar image. Also seen near the summit are groups of pits, some as large as one kilometer (0.6 mil) across. These are thought to have formed when underground chambers of magma were drained through other subsurface tubes, leading to a collapse at the surface. A 20 kilometer (12.5 mile) diameter impact crater northeast of the volcano is partially buried by the lava flows. Little was known about the Atla Regio rise prior to Magellan. The new data taken in February 1991, shows the region to be composed of at least five large volcanic edifices or rift zones. By analogy with similar features on the Earth, Atla Regio is thought to result from upwellings of large volumes of molten rock from the interior of Venus known as "hot spots."
MISSION: Magellan
LOCATION: Venus Orbit
COLORS: Orange, Yellow, Dark Brown
FILE: WASH
TITLE: Washington DC Area
INFORMATION: Washington, DC area with the nation's capital at the right center. The J. F. Dulles Airport is at the lower left. Andrews Air Force Base is at the right center edge of the photo. The Potomac River enters the image at the left center, flows past Washington, and has a tidal estuary at lower right. Also visible are the Great Falls of the Potomac.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 41-G
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Royal Blue, Brown, Tan
FILE: WESTERN
TITLE: Western Hemisphere
INFORMATION: A striking view from the Apollo 8 spacecraft showing nearly the entire Western Hemisphere from the mouth of the St. Lawrence River including nearby Newfoundland, extending to Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of South America. Central America is clearly outlined. Nearly all of South America is covered by clouds, except the high Andes Mountain chain along the west coast. A small portion of the bulge of west Africa shows along the sunset terminator at the right.
MISSION: Apollo 8
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Black, White, Blue, Brown
FILE: WORLDVW
TITLE: World View
INFORMATION: High oblique view as photographed with a Linhof camera showing the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea. Unlike vertical photographs from this area from previous space flights, this oblique view allows extensive viewing into Spain and Morocco.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 41-G
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Brown, Orange, Royal Blue, White, Black
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r1eFILE: ADONARAI
TITLE: Adonara Island, Indonesia
INFORMATION: An active 5,500 foot high volcano on Adonara Island in Indonesia leaves a 30 mile long visible trail of smoke. The surrounding islands are Flores, to lower right, Solor, to right edge, and Lomblen to the upper center.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 8
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, Tan, White
FILE: APOLLO11
TITLE: Apollo 11, Aldrin
INFORMATION: Astronaut Aldrin poses for a photograph beside the deployed flag of the United States during the Apollo 11 EVA. The lunar module is on the left. The astronaut's footprints in the soil of the moon are clearly visible in the foreground. Armstrong used a 70mm lunar surface camera in taking this picture.
MISSION: Apollo 11
LOCATION: Moon
COLORS: Gray, Red, White, Blue
FILE: APOLO11A
TITLE: Apollo 11, Lunar View
INFORMATION: Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas - This outstanding view of a full moon was photographed from the Apollo 11 spacecraft during its trans-Earth journey homeward. When this picture was taken the spacecraft was already 10,000 nautical miles away from the moon. Aboard Apollo 11 were Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.
MISSION: Apollo 11
LOCATION: Space
COLORS: Gray, White
FILE: APOLLO12
TITLE: Apollo 12 U.S. Flag
INFORMATION: United States second lunar landing mission produced these fantastic moon pictures. Astronauts Charles Conrad, Jr., and Alan L. Bean walked on the surface of the moon during two EVA's, taking pictures of their landing site, Sea of Storms, ALSEP deployment, their lunar module, and the Surveyor III spacecraft which soft landed on the moon some two and one-half years ago.
MISSION: Apollo 12
LOCATION: Moon
COLORS: Gray, Red, White, Blue
FILE: APOLLO7
TITLE: Apollo 7, Sinai Peninsula
INFORMATION: Moses learned God's laws on one of the Sinai Peninsula's mountains. The large photo here shows all of those mountains, and also those on the far sides of the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba. The Red Sea is in the foreground, and the Mediterranean's eastern end is below the clouds on the horizon. The Earth's crust here is both rugged and complex.
MISSION: Apollo 7
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Royal Blue, Tan, White
FILE: ARABIA
TITLE: Arabia, Gulf of Oman
INFORMATION: This photo shows Arabia to the left separated from Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to the right by the Gulf of Oman, Strait of Hormuz, and Persian Gulf. Arabia is drifting to the southeast away from the Asian mainland, thus the sea invades the void. The deserts, mountains, coastal headlands, prevailing winds, and sea conditions cause unique cloud patterns seen over the Gulf of Oman.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 2
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, White, Light Tan
FILE: CONCPLS
TITLE: Artist Concept, PLS
INFORMATION: This artist concept shows a NASA Langley Research Center HL-20 lifting body docked at Space Station Freedom and one on its return trip to Earth. The HL-20, approximately 29 feet long, is a vehicle being considered as a type of Personnel Launch System (PLS), which could transport up to 10 astronauts and small amounts of cargo to and from low-Earth orbit, i.e., a small space taxi system. The vehicle is one of two concepts being considered by NASA. The system would assure rapid manned access to space and minimize maintenance costs. Langley's PLS concept would be launched with an expendable booster and would be capable of conventional runway landings. With its wings folded, the HL-20 PLS would fit within the Shuttle's payload bay.
MISSION: Not Applicable
LOCATION: Not Applicable
COLORS: White, Red, Blue, Black
FILE: ASTRONT
TITLE: Astronaut Aldrin
INFORMATION: Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., lunar module pilot, descends steps of lunar module ladder as he prepares to walk on the moon. He had just exited the lunar module. This picture was taken by Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, Commander, with a 70mm single surface camera during the Apollo 11 extra-vehicular-activity (EVA).
MISSION: Apollo 11
LOCATION: Moon
COLORS: Gray, White, Black, Gold
FILE: ATLANTIS
TITLE: Atlantis Take Off
INFORMATION: The Gamma Ray Observatory is on its way as the Space Shuttle Atlantis lifts off from Launch Pad 39B at 9:22:45 am EST, April 5, 1991. On board are Mission Commander Steven R. Nagel, Pilot Kenneth D. Cameron, and Mission Specialists: Jay Apt, Jerry L. Ross, and Linda M. Goodwin. The Gamma Ray Observatory, the second of NASA's great observatories, will conduct an extensive on-orbit search for celestial gamma ray emissions during its two year mission.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 37
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center, Florida
COLORS: Tan, Dark Green, Blue, White
FILE: ATLANTS2
TITLE: Atlantis Touchdown
INFORMATION: The Space Shuttle Atlantis touches down on lakebed runway 23 to conclude the 36th mission at NASA's Ames-Dryden Flight Research Center on March 4, 1990. Mission length was 4 days, 10 hours, and 19 minutes, with the actual landing time at 10:08 am. This mission was for the Department of Defense. The five-person crew onboard was Commander John O. Creighton, Pilot John H. Casper, and Mission Specialists: David C. Hilmers, Richard M. Mullane, and Pierre J. Thuot. Lakebed runway 23, which is 5.2 miles long, is the clay runway on which the orbiter Columbia landed on the first space shuttle mission in April 1981. This mission marks the 8th time the lakebed runway has been used by orbiters.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 36
LOCATION: Ames-Dreyden Flight Research Center
COLORS: Blue, Tan, White, Black
FILE: CALIFORN
TITLE: California's Coast
INFORMATION: This north-easterly view toward California's Pacific Coast was taken with a handheld 70mm camera aimed through Columbia's windows. The coastal area covered includes San Diego northward to Pismo Beach. Los Angeles is near center. The arc of the Temblor-Tehachapi-Sierra Nevada surrounds the San Joaquin Valley at left. The Mojave Desert lies between the wedge of the San Andreas and Garlock Faults. Lancaster and Edwards Air Force Base, scene of the Space Shuttle Mission #4 landing, lie north of the Los Angeles area.
MISSION: Space Shuttle
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: White, Blue, Brown
FILE: DEADSEA
TITLE: Center, Dead Sea
INFORMATION: This southerly looking view photographed from the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia shows a small portion of the vehicle's aft section. Included are part of its cargo bay, some of the components of the Office of Space Sciences' payload, and the majority of the 50 foot long, Canadian-built remote manipulator system (RMS) arm. The Mediterranean Sea is at the right foreground. Parts of the Sinai Peninsula, Israel, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon and other nations can be located in the picture. The Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Suez Canal are near the horizon at photo's top. The Dead Sea is in the center. The picture was taken with a 70mm handheld camera from the aft window of the flight deck. Onboard the Shuttle were Astronauts Jack R. Lousma and Gordon Fullerton.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 3
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: White, Red, Yellow, Blue, Black
FILE: CHICAGO
TITLE: Chicago Area
INFORMATION: This color composite photo from the Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 (ERTS-1) taken from an altitude of 914 kilometers (368 statute miles) of the Chicago, Illinois area about 11:00 am CDT, October 2, 1972. Three colors, green, red and infrared seen and recorded separately by the satellite were combined at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland. Healthy crops, trees, and other green plants which are very bright in the infrared are invisible to the naked eye, are shown as bright red. Suburban areas with sparse vegetation appear as light pink, and barren land as light gray. Cities and industrial areas show as green or dark gray and clear water is completely black. Some of the notable geographical landmarks are: Lake Michigan (upper right corner), City of Chicago (upper right), City of Waukegan, WI (upper right), City of Rockford, IL (upper left), Illinois River (lower center), Rock River (left center), Fox River (center), City of Joliet, IL (right). This picture was taken from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's ERTS-1 spacecraft. Federal agencies participating with NASA in this project are the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Interior, Defense, and the Environmental Protection Agency.
MISSION: ERTS-1 Satellite
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Orange, Red, Pink, Gray, Black
FILE: CLOUDNEP
TITLE: Clouds on Neptune
INFORMATION: This picture of Neptune was produced from images taken through the ultraviolet, violet, and green filters of the Voyager 2 wide-angle camera. This "false" color image has been made to show clearly details of the cloud structure and to paint clouds located at different altitudes with different colors. Dark, deep-lying clouds tend to be masked in the ultraviolet wavelength since over-lying air molecules are particularly effective in scattering sunlight thus brightening the sky above them. Such areas appear dark blue in this photograph. The Great Dark Spot and the high southern latitudes have a deep bluish cast in this image, indicating they are regions where visible light (but not ultraviolet light) may penetrate to a deeper layer of dark cloud or haze in Neptune's atmosphere. Conversely, the pinkish clouds may be positioned at high altitudes. The Voyager Mission is conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications.
MISSION: Voyager 2
LOCATION: Over Neptune
COLORS: Blue, White, Black
FILE: COLORADO
TITLE: Colorado River
INFORMATION: This southwestern-looking view taken from the Space Shuttle orbiter Columbia, shows parts of Arizona and Utah. The Colorado River can be traced toward Colorado at bottom right portion of the frame. The San Juan River can be followed toward the only point in the U.S. common to four state corners near the lower left corner of the photo. Part of the Navajo Indian Reservation is at the left edge. Lake Powell is the very prominent reservoir from which a number of recognizable rivers can be traced. This picture was taken with a 70mm camera.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 1
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Tan, Brown, Blue, White
FILE: COLUMBIA
TITLE: Columbia Launch
INFORMATION: At 7:35 am, EST on January 9, 1990, the Space Shuttle Columbia roars aloft from Kennedy's Space Center Pad 39-A into the Florida skies. During the 10 day mission, the five member crew is scheduled to deploy the SYNCOM IV-5 military communications satellite and retrieve the Long Duration Exposure Facility. This launch marks the 33rd shuttle mission since flight operations began in 1981. Crew members are: Commander Daniel C. Brandenstein, Pilot James D. Wetherbee, and Mission Specialists - Marsha S. Ivins, G. David Low, and Bonnie J. Dunbar.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 32
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center, Florida
COLORS: Deep Blue, Yellow, Gray, White
FILE: COLUMB2
TITLE: Columbia, Lift Off
INFORMATION: At 7:35 am, EST on January 9, 1990, the Space Shuttle Columbia roars aloft from Kennedy's Space Center Pad 39-A into the Florida skies. During the 10 day mission, the five member crew is scheduled to deploy the SYNCOM IV-5 military communications satellite and retrieve the Long Duration Exposure Facility. This launch marks the 33rd shuttle mission since flight operations began in 1981. Crew members are: Commander Daniel C. Brandenstein, Pilot James D. Wetherbee, and Mission Specialists - Marsha S. Ivins, G. David Low, and Bonnie J. Dunbar.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 32
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center, Florida
COLORS: Blue, Yellow, White, Black
FILE: CRESCENT
TITLE: Crescent Earthrise
INFORMATION: Crescent Earthrise prior to TEI, lunar farside in the foreground. Apollo 17, the last lunar manned flight, was launched December 7, 1972. The Apollo 17 crew Commander Eugene A. Cernan and Command Module Pilot Ronald E. Evans, splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on December 19, 1972. Astronauts Cernan and Schmitt spent 75 hours in the Taurus-Littrow mountainous region of the moon, southeast of the Serenitatis Basin.
MISSION: Apollo 17
LOCATION: Moon
COLORS: White, Gray, Black
FILE: CUMULO
TITLE: Cumulonimbus Clouds
INFORMATION: This photograph of Zaire was taken with a handheld 70mm camera aimed through the "ceiling" windows of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Challenger during its five day mission. Large cumulonimbus cloud build ups are accentuated by the low sun angle and resulting long shadows. Haze created by agricultural burning makes it impossible to see the ground.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 6
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Light Blue, Blue, White
FILE: CYCLONE
TITLE: Cyclonic Storm
INFORMATION: A view of a cyclonic storm system located about 1200 miles due north of Hawaii. This photo was taken on the 124th revolution of the Apollo 9 space flight .
MISSION: Apollo 9
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, White, Black
FILE: DALLAS
TITLE: Dallas/Ft. Worth
INFORMATION: Large format (five-inch) frame of the greater Dallas/Ft. Worth metropolitan area. DFW Airport is near the center of the photo. Almost 20 lakes and reservoirs in the area, reflecting recent heavy spring rainfall, are easily delineated in the view. Photo experts at the NASA Johnson Space Center studying the shuttle Earth observations photography indicate the clarity and detail with this format is superior to any previous coverage.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 39
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue-green, Tan, White
FILE: DISCOVRY
TITLE: Discovery Launch
INFORMATION: The Space Shuttle Discovery soars into the morning skies above Florida, carrying a crew of five and the Hubble Space Telescope. Launch of Space Shuttle Mission STS-31 from Pad 39-B occurred at 8:33:51 am EDT, April 24, 1990. Crew members are Commander Loren J. Shriver, Pilot Charles F. Bolden, Jr., and Mission Specialists - Katheryn D. Sullivan, Steven A. Hawley, and Bruce McCandless, II.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 31
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center
COLORS: Blue, Orange, Yellow, White, Sand, Black
FILE: EARTHLMB
TITLE: Earth Limb
INFORMATION: A magnificent Earth limb photograph of a sunset as seen from orbit off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, shows thunderheads overshooting into the stratosphere more than 10 miles (16 kilometers) high and flatting at the tropopause. The violet hues of the limb continue to a height near the base of the ionosphere at an altitude of almost 50 miles (80 kilometers). The photograph was shown by crew members during the STS-41D post-flight press conference held on September 12, 1984.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 41D
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Orange, Yellow, Violet, Blue, Black
FILE: ERTHMOON
TITLE: Earthview
INFORMATION: This picture was taken of the moon after the Apollo 10 trans-Earth insertion. The darker maria contrast with the light highlands. The small circular mare completely surrounded by highlands is the Sea of Crises. The largest terraced crater shown in all frames is Lagrenus located at 10 degrees south latitude and 60 degrees east longitude. Notice the change in brown hue between the Sea of Serenity (which is lighter) and the Seas of tranquillity and Fertility.
MISSION: Apollo 10
LOCATION: Moon Orbit
COLORS: Brown, Gray, White, Black
FILE: EMIRATES
TITLE: Emirates
INFORMATION: A handheld 70mm picture of the southern Persian Gulf area. The island in the middle of the frame is Al Jirab, 30 miles west of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. On the mainland beaches opposite the island, a thick and continuous black fringe of oil can be seen as a line. Photo experts studying the STS-39 photography have not yet determined the source of the oil. They disclosed that if the oil does in fact stem from damaged Kuwaiti offshore oil fields, the slick has been blown southward at least 460 miles. The city of Tarif is visible in the affected area. Lighter brown slicks can be seen offshore. A causeway joins Al Jirab to the mainland and a dredged ship channel with its associated islands can be seen west of the causeway. This is one of 25 visuals used by the STS-39 crew at its May 17, 1991 post-flight press conference. Discovery's flight of eight days duration was launched April 28th from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and completed on May 6th with touchdown at the KSC landing facility. This flight was dedicated to the Department of Defense. Crew members were Astronauts Michael L. Coats, L. Blaine Hammond, Guion S. Bluford, Richard J. Hieb, Gregory J. Harbaugh, Donald R. McMonagle, and Charles L. (Lacy) Veach.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 39
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Royal Blue, Brown, Sand
FILE: FLORIDA
TITLE: Florida Peninsula
INFORMATION: Florida Sprawl - Scientists can use high-resolution images of the swampland around southern Lake Okeechobee ( the large dark spot) to monitor the encroachment of farms. If the area of natural habitat around the lake falls below a certain critical size the ecosystem will begin to collapse, posing a serious threat to wildlife.
MISSION: Unknown
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Black, Royal Blue, Brown, White
FILE: FRANCE
TITLE: France & English Channel
INFORMATION: This 70mm photo details France, Paris, Seine River, port city of Le Harve, and the English Channel. A two-stage Saturn IB rocket carrying the Skylab 3 Astronauts: Commander Alan L. Bean, Science Pilot Dr. Owen K. Garriott, and Pilot Jack R. Lousma, were launched to the orbiting Skylab at 7:11 am EDT July 28, 1973 from Kennedy Space Center's Complex 39-B. The Astronauts splashed down September 25, 1973 at 6:20 PM EDT about 362 kilometers (225 miles) southwest of San Diego, CA. The second Skylab mission of 59 Days was Man's longest mission to date.
MISSION: Skylab 3
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Brown, Blue
FILE: FRONTVW
TITLE: Front View Atlantis
INFORMATION: Late afternoon sunshine greets the orbiter Atlantis as it touches down on Runway 33 at Kennedy's Space Center (KSC) Landing Facility. Atlantis landed at 4:43 PM, EST, November 20, 1990, completing a five-day flight for the Department of Defense. It was the first Shuttle to complete a mission with a KSC landing since 1985, and the sixth to do so overall.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 38
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Green, Tan, White, Black, Blue
FILE: FRONTVW2
TITLE: Front View Touchdown
INFORMATION: Ancient palmettos and Florida scrub stand sentinel as the space ship Atlantis returns to Earth. The orbiter glided onto Runway 33 at Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility at 4:43 PM, EST, November 20, 1990, ending a five-day flight in space for the Department of Defense. Mission STS-38 carried a crew of five: Commander Richard O. Covey, Pilot Frank L. Culbertson, Jr., and Mission Specialists - Carl J. Meade, Charles "Sam" Gemar, and Robert C. Springer. The flawless landing marked the first time in more than five years that a Space Shuttle ended a mission at Kennedy. (Florida Today photo by Tim Shortt).
MISSION: Space Shuttle 38
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center Landing Facility
COLORS: Green, Blue, Tan, White, Black
FILE: GRANDCAN
TITLE: Grand Canyon
INFORMATION: The Grand Canyon and Colorado River in Arizona are featured in this 70mm scene captured from space during the STS-34 mission. The Colorado flows (upper right) through the lower Glenn and Marble Canyon into the Grand Canyon, dissecting the photo. Most tourists see the South Rim at lower right. Some tourists, however, drive automobiles some 250 miles away to visit the North Rim, which is higher and hosts a different type of forest. Havasu Falls and Havasu Creek are visible near the left center edge of the picture. This scene was one of 26 shown to the press by the five crew members at their post-flight press conference.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 34
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Dark Brown, Reddish Brown, Sand
FILE: GREATBRT
TITLE: Great Britain
INFORMATION: An Oblique view of a portion of Great Britain looking northeastward across England and Wales, as photographed by one of the Skylab 3 crewmen aboard the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. The picture was taken with a hand-held 70mm Hasselblad camera using a 100 mm lens and SO-368 medium-speed Ektachrome film. The English Channel is at lower right and the Bristol Channel is at lower left. The North Sea with much cloud cover is in the background.
MISSION: Skylab 3
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, Brown, White
FILE: GREATRED
TITLE: Great Red Spot
INFORMATION: This Voyager I picture of the Great Red Spot shows a white oval with its "wake" of counter-rotating vortices. North is at the tip, and the distance from top to bottom is about 24,000 km. Note the puffy features inside the Great Red Spot, and the "reverse-S" spirals inside the spots center which have a period of 6 days.
MISSION: Voyager I
LOCATION: Space near Jupiter
COLORS: Light Blue, Red, Orange, Brown, White
FILE: GREECE
TITLE: Greece, Challenger View
INFORMATION: Greece is behind the vertical stabilizer of Challenger. Athens and Attica are just above and to the left tip of the tail. A portion of Peloponnesus is at the left edge. Numerous Aegean Islands are detailed in the picture.
MISSION: Space Shuttle
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: White, Black, Blue, Tan
FILE: GULFMEX
TITLE: Gulf of Mexico
INFORMATION: The morning sun reflects on the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean as seen from the Apollo 7 spacecraft at an altitude of 122 nautical miles. Most of the Florida peninsula appears as a dark silhouette. This photograph was made during the spacecraft's 134th revolution of the Earth, some 213 hours and 20 minutes after lift off.
MISSION: Apollo 7
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Red, Yellow, Black, Beige
FILE: HAWAII
TITLE: Hawaiian Islands Chain
INFORMATION: This 70mm northerly oriented photo over the Pacific Ocean features the Hawaiian Islands chain. The islands perturb the prevailing northeasterly winds producing extensive cloud wakes in the lee of the islands. Photo experts feel that atmospheric haze in the Hawaii wake is probably a result of the continuing eruptions of Kilauea volcano on the southeast coast. From the lower right corner in a diagonal directed upward to the north are the islands of Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Kahoolawe, and Hawaii. This photo was shown during the post-flight press conference on October 11, 1988, by the STS-26 astronauts, who at one time during the flight wore Hawaiian attire to pay tribute to the working staff of the Hawaii tracking station.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 26
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, Green, White, Black
FILE: HENDERSN
TITLE: Henderson Island
INFORMATION: The small Henderson Island peeks through the South Pacific clouds. The very remote island happens to be in a geographic location for a possible emergency landing site for Space Shuttles launched to the south from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The astronauts were specifically asked to find and photograph the island using the best available survey map, which happened to be from the last century.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 8
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Royal Blue, Green, White
FILE: HUBBLE1
TITLE: Hubble on Shuttle Arm
INFORMATION: The Hubble Space Telescope (HST), still in the grasp of Discovery's remote manipulator system, is over Cuba and the Bahamas. In this scene, the telescope has yet to have its solar array panels and its high gain antennae deployed. This photo was captured with a large format AeroLinhof camera used by several previous flight crews to record Earth scenes.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 31
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Silver, Orange, White, Blue
FILE: HUBBLE2
TITLE: Hubble Over Earth
INFORMATION: Discovery's remote manipulator system hoists the huge Hubble Space Telescope over Earth's horizon prior to deployment of Hubble's solar panels and antennae. This scene, from a very busy second flight day, was among the first eight STS-31 photographs released by NASA upon completion of the five-day flight. The scene was photographed with a 70mm handheld Hasselblad.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 31
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Silver, Orange, Black, Blue, White
FILE: HUBBLE3
TITLE: Hubble over Puerto Rico
INFORMATION: The giant Hubble Space Telescope is suspended in space by Discovery's remote manipulator system prior to the deployment of its solar panels, antennae and its ultimate release. Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic are recognizable at left of the picture. The photo was taken with a handheld Hasselblad camera. This was among the first photos NASA released on April 30, 1990, from the five-day STS-31 mission.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 31
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Silver, Orange, White, Blue
FILE: HUBBLE4
TITLE: Hubble Panels Opening
INFORMATION: Most of the giant Hubble Space Telescope can be seen as it is suspended in space by Discovery's remote manipulator system following the deployment of part of its solar panels and antennae. The photo was taken with a handheld Hasselblad camera. This was among the first photos NASA released on April 30, 1990, from the five-day STS-31 mission.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 31
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Orange, Silver, White, Blue, Black
FILE: HUBBLE5
TITLE: Hubble Solar Array
INFORMATION: Medium close-up view of Hubble before its release from Discovery's Remote Manipulator System. Solar array panels (foreground and background) have been extended, but the antennae are yet to be deployed.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 31
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Orange, Silver, White, Black
The 70mm motion picture coverage of the telescope and its deployment exercises will be featured in an IMAX/Omnimax film for the International Space Year 1992.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 31
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Orange, Blue, White, Black
FILE: Irwin at Lunar Rover
INFORMATION: Astronaut Irwin is at the Rover parked near the Lunar Module looking northeast, Mount Hadley is in the background. Apollo 15 was launched on July 26, 1971 at 9:34 am EDT and touched down on the moon at the Hadley-Apennine site at 6:16 PM EDT on July 20, 1971, staying a total time of 66 hours and 55 minutes. Splashdown in the Pacific was August 7, 1971 at 4:46 PM, EDT. Astronaut Alfred Worden was the command module pilot, James Irwin was the lunar module pilot, and David Scott was commander.
MISSION: Apollo 15
LOCATION: The Moon
COLORS: White, Black, Gray
FILE: Jupiter
INFORMATION: This view of Jupiter shows never-before-seen details of the giant planet's cloud tops. Taken by the Pioneer 10 spacecraft as it flew past Jupiter in December 1974, details of the picture now have been greatly improved by data analysis and computer processing at the Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona. This view was taken from 2,100,000 kilometers (1,305,00 miles) away. Planetary rotation (at 22,000 mph at the equator) is from left to right. According to Dr. Tom Gehrels, University of Arizona, the picture's most striking feature is the 25,000-mile-long Great Red Spot in which some detail is seen. Also in the area surrounding the Spot, in the bright "South Tropical Zone," the features suggest a flow pattern about the Spot which is bulged toward the north by the Spot. North of the Equatorial Zone, there are remarkably S-shaped flow patterns and intrusions upon the bright North Tropical Zone. The Great Red Spot is large enough to swallow up three Earths. The Pioneer Project is managed by NASA's Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California. The Pioneer spacecraft was built by TRW Systems, Redondo Beach, California. Pioneer 10 crossed the orbit of Saturn in 1976 and left the solar system in 1987.
MISSION: Pioneer 10
LOCATION: Space near Jupiter
COLORS: Orange, Beige, Sand, Black
FILE: Jupiter Closeup
INFORMATION: This Voyager 2 picture shows the Great Red Spot and the south equatorial belt extending into the equatorial region. At right is an interchange of material between the south equatorial belt and the equatorial zone. The clouds in the equatorial zone are more diffuse and do not display the structures seen in other locations. Considerable structure is evident within the Great Red Spot.
MISSION: Voyager 2
LOCATION: Space near Jupiter
COLORS: Orange, Red, Brown, Beige
FILE: Lagoon Nebula
INFORMATION: Lagoon Nebula-M8, U.S. Naval Observatory photo.
MISSION: Not Applicable
LOCATION: Not Applicable
COLORS: Black, Red, Pink, Beige, Blue
FILE: Lake Titicaca
INFORMATION: A panoramic view across the high Andes toward the Atacama Desert east of Peru and Chile, shows stratovolcanic Lake Titicaca, Lake Poopo, Salar de Uyuni, and Salar de Coipasa. The clear skies of the Southern Hemisphere's weather permitted near cloud free photography of much of the Andes. The photography was shown during the STS 41B post-flight press conference held on September 22, 1984.
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FILE: ADONARAI
TITLE: Adonara Island, Indonesia
INFORMATION: An active 5,500 foot high volcano on Adonara Island in Indonesia leaves a 30 mile long visible trail of smoke. The surrounding islands are Flores, to lower right, Solor, to right edge, and Lomblen to the upper center.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 8
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, Tan, White
s Neil A. Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.
MISSION: Apollo 11
LOCATION: Space
COLORS: Gray, White
o a single discipline, astrophysics.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 35
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center
COLORS: Black, Gray, White, Orange
ws appear to have erupted along the flanks of the volcano, rather than from the summit. This type of flank eruption is common on the large volcanoes on the Earth, such as the Hawaiian volcanoes. The summit area consists of a pair of flat-topped mesas whose smooth tops give a relatively dark appearance in the radar image. Also seen near the summit are groups of pits, some as large as one kilometer (0.6 mil) across. These are thought to have formed when underground chambers of magma were drained through other subsurface tubes, leading to a collapse at the surface. A 20 kilometer (12.5 mile) diameter impact crater northeast of the volcano is partially buried by the lava flows. Little was known about the Atla Regio rise prior to Magellan. The new data taken in February 1991, shows the region to be composed of at least five large volcanic edifices or rift zones. By analogy with similar features on the Earth, Atla Regio is thought to result from upwellings of large volumes of molten rock from the interior of Venus known as "hot spots."
MISSION: Magellan
LOCATION: Venus Orbit
COLORS: Orange, Yellow, Dark Brown
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FILE: ADONARAI
TITLE: Adonara Island, Indonesia
INFORMATION: An active 5,500 foot high volcano on Adonara Island in Indonesia leaves a 30 mile long visible trail of smoke. The surrounding islands are Flores, to lower right, Solor, to right edge, and Lomblen to the upper center.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 8
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, Tan, White
s Neil A. Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.
MISSION: Apollo 11
LOCATION: Space
COLORS: Gray, White
o a single discipline, astrophysics.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 35
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center
COLORS: Black, Gray, White, Orange
ws appear to have erupted along the flanks of the volcano, rather than from the summit. This type of flank eruption is common on the large volcanoes on the Earth, such as the Hawaiian volcanoes. The summit area consists of a pair of flat-topped mesas whose smooth tops give a relatively dark appearance in the radar image. Also seen near the summit are groups of pits, some as large as one kilometer (0.6 mil) across. These are thought to have formed when underground chambers of magma were drained through other subsurface tubes, leading to a collapse at the surface. A 20 kilometer (12.5 mile) diameter impact crater northeast of the volcano is partially buried by the lava flows. Little was known about the Atla Regio rise prior to Magellan. The new data taken in February 1991, shows the region to be composed of at least five large volcanic edifices or rift zones. By analogy with similar features on the Earth, Atla Regio is thought to result from upwellings of large volumes of molten rock from the interior of Venus known as "hot spots."
MISSION: Magellan
LOCATION: Venus Orbit
COLORS: Orange, Yellow, Dark Brown
espect to our line of sight, Charon approaches to within less than one tenth of an arc second of Pluto every three days.
MISSION: Hubble Space Telescope Spacecraft
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, White
ack, White.
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bFILE: HUBBLE6
TITLE: Hubble Telescope
INFORMATION: This photograph was taken by the STS-31 crew aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery and shows the Hubble Space Telescope being deployed on April 25, 1990 from the payload bay. The giant spacecraft is being put in orbit to gather information about a wide variety of astronomical objects, from neighboring planets and stars to the most distant galaxies and quasars. The photo was taken by the IMAX Cargo Bay Camera, mounted in a container on the port side of Discovery in Bay 12. The camera was remotely controlled by the crew members in the cabin, using a Gas Autonomous Payload Controller. The 70mm motion picture coverage of the telescope and its deployment exercises will be featured in an IMAX/Omnimax film for the International Space Year 1992.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 31
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Orange, Blue, White, Black
FILE: IRWIN
TITLE: Irwin at Lunar Rover
INFORMATION: Astronaut Irwin is at the Rover parked near the Lunar Module looking northeast, Mount Hadley is in the background. Apollo 15 was launched on July 26, 1971 at 9:34 am EDT and touched down on the moon at the Hadley-Apennine site at 6:16 PM EDT on July 20, 1971, staying a total time of 66 hours and 55 minutes. Splashdown in the Pacific was August 7, 1971 at 4:46 PM, EDT. Astronaut Alfred Worden was the command module pilot, James Irwin was the lunar module pilot, and David Scott was commander.
MISSION: Apollo 15
LOCATION: The Moon
COLORS: White, Black, Gray
FILE: JUPITER
TITLE: Jupiter
INFORMATION: This view of Jupiter shows never-before-seen details of the giant planet's cloud tops. Taken by the Pioneer 10 spacecraft as it flew past Jupiter in December 1974, details of the picture now have been greatly improved by data analysis and computer processing at the Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona. This view was taken from 2,100,000 kilometers (1,305,00 miles) away. Planetary rotation (at 22,000 mph at the equator) is from left to right. According to Dr. Tom Gehrels, University of Arizona, the picture's most striking feature is the 25,000-mile-long Great Red Spot in which some detail is seen. Also in the area surrounding the Spot, in the bright "South Tropical Zone," the features suggest a flow pattern about the Spot which is bulged toward the north by the Spot. North of the Equatorial Zone, there are remarkably S-shaped flow patterns and intrusions upon the bright North Tropical Zone. The Great Red Spot is large enough to swallow up three Earths. The Pioneer Project is managed by NASA's Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California. The Pioneer spacecraft was built by TRW Systems, Redondo Beach, California. Pioneer 10 crossed the orbit of Saturn in 1976 and left the solar system in 1987.
MISSION: Pioneer 10
LOCATION: Space near Jupiter
COLORS: Orange, Beige, Sand, Black
FILE: JUPITER2
TITLE: Jupiter Closeup
INFORMATION: This Voyager 2 picture shows the Great Red Spot and the south equatorial belt extending into the equatorial region. At right is an interchange of material between the south equatorial belt and the equatorial zone. The clouds in the equatorial zone are more diffuse and do not display the structures seen in other locations. Considerable structure is evident within the Great Red Spot.
MISSION: Voyager 2
LOCATION: Space near Jupiter
COLORS: Orange, Red, Brown, Beige
FILE: LAGOON
TITLE: Lagoon Nebula
INFORMATION: Lagoon Nebula-M8, U.S. Naval Observatory photo.
MISSION: Not Applicable
LOCATION: Not Applicable
COLORS: Black, Red, Pink, Beige, Blue
FILE: LAKETITI
TITLE: Lake Titicaca
INFORMATION: A panoramic view across the high Andes toward the Atacama Desert east of Peru and Chile, shows stratovolcanic Lake Titicaca, Lake Poopo, Salar de Uyuni, and Salar de Coipasa. The clear skies of the Southern Hemisphere's weather permitted near cloud free photography of much of the Andes. The photography was shown during the STS 41B post-flight press conference held on September 22, 1984.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 41B
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, White, Brown, Tan
FILE: LONGIS
TITLE: Long Island
INFORMATION: 70mm New York City area, New York, New Jersey, Long Island, Connecticut. A two-stage Saturn IB rocket carrying the Skylab 3 Astronauts: Commander Alan L. Bean, Science Pilot Dr. Owen K. Garriott, and Pilot Jack R. Lousma, were launched to the orbiting Skylab at 7:11 am EDT, July 28, 1973 from Kennedy Space Center's Complex 39-B. The Astronauts splashed down September 25, 1973 at 6:20 PM EDT about 362 kilometers (225 miles) southwest of San Diego, California. The second Skylab mission of 59 days was Man's longest mission to date.
MISSION: Skylab 3
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Royal Blue, Light Blue, White
FILE: MAUNALOA
TITLE: Mauna Loa Volcano
INFORMATION: The Mauna Loa volcano (altitude 13, 018 feet) on the island of Hawaii can be seen in this 70mm image photographed through the overhead windows of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Challenger. The close look reveals lava flows from the active volcano.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 7
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Royal Blue, Dark Blue, Reddish Brown, White
FILE: MERCURY
TITLE: Mercury
INFORMATION: The Mariner 10 spacecraft obtained this view of Mercury during its out-going pass on March 29, 1974. This photomosaic has been tinted to approximate the visual appearance of Mercury.
MISSION: Mariner 10
LOCATION: Space near Mercury
COLORS: Black, White, Grayish Brown
FILE: METROCHI
TITLE: Metro Chicago
INFORMATION: The metropolitan area of Chicago is encompassed in this Skylab 3 Earth Resources Experiments Package photograph, taken on September 18, 1973. The surrounding major cities of Hammond and Gary - Indiana, Aurora and Joliet - Illinois, and East Chicago are easily delineated. From the photograph one can readily detect the following: 1. The cultural differentiation of commercial, industrial, and residential areas for use in population and social studies (note: Aurora, Illinois is one of the 27 census cities of interest to Principal Investigator Robert Alexander, U.S. Geological Survey) in micro/macro community planning and in cultural patterns studies in the improvement of urban areas. 2. The transportation network with major corridors and their interchanges, primary and feeder streets for use in network analysis and in the development of models for population movement and land use projection. 3. The agricultural lands for land use identification and crop inventory analysis; airports for use in delineation of service and infringement of major man-made features that affect ecosystem balance (support environmental impact studies). 4. Air and water plumes for use in case studies, natural and man-made differentiation of pollution sources, in support of model development and in ecosystem research studies on the effects of pollution. 5. Recreational centers for use in relating recreational centers to population centers, establishing possible demands and in development of possible future recreational centers to support demand.
MISSION: Skylab 3
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Royal Blue, Gray-Blue, Tan
FILE: METROWSH
TITLE: Metro Washington, DC
INFORMATION: This 1/16th enlargement of the TM scene made from November 2, 1982, Landsat overpass shows remarkable details in and around the metropolitan Washington area. Individual government buildings in downtown Washington stand out because of their light, usually whitish colors expressed as strong reflectances. The shapes of the larger buildings, including some with wings or L-shaped, are usually evident. Note the details of the Pentagon. The grass in the playing field of Kennedy Stadium is sharply defined in the false color version ( shown here). This version is more suited to recognition of asphalt streets and the runways at National Airport. Color variants in the thicker woods are related to the fall changing of leaves. Also note the details in the large plowed fields (upper left) and sand pits (top right center).
MISSION: Landsat Overpass
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, Aqua, Tan, Brown, White
FILE: MOON
TITLE: Moon
INFORMATION: This outstanding view of a near full moon was photographed from the Apollo 13 spacecraft during its trans-Earth journey homeward. The explosion of the oxygen tank in the Service Module forced the cancellation of the scheduled lunar landing. Apollo 13 made a pass around the moon prior to returning to Earth. Some of the conspicuous lunar features include the Sea of Crisis, the Sea of Fertility, the Sea of Tranquillity, the Sea of Serenity, the Sea of Nectar, the Sea of Vapors, the Border Sea, Smyth's Sea, the crater Langrenus, and the crater Taiolkowsky.
MISSION: Apollo 13
LOCATION: Moon Orbit
COLORS: Tan, Gray, Black
FILE: MOONRISE
TITLE: Moonrise
INFORMATION: One of the best scenes of a gibbous moon over Earth's horizon was recorded by the 41-D crew members during their flight aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery in late August and early September 1984.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 41-D
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Royal Blue, White, Black
FILE: MOSCOW
TITLE: Moscow
INFORMATION: A 70mm handheld camera was used to photograph this view showing Moscow on STS-9's 62nd orbit. The astronaut used a 250mm lens to record the scene. The Moscow River meanders through the large city.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 9
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Gray, Cyan, Dark Blue
FILE: MTSHASTA
TITLE: Mt. Shasta
INFORMATION: This is a color composite photo from the NASA Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1) taken from an altitude of 914 kilometers (568 statute miles) of the area. Three colors, green, red, and infrared, seen and recorded separately by the satellite were combined at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. Healthy crops, trees, and other green plants strongly reflect infrared and are reproduced as bright red. Suburban areas with sparse vegetation appear as light pink, and barren lands as light gray. Some of the notable geographical landmarks are: Mount Shasta (below left center), Klamath Lake (extreme upper center), Clear Lake Reservoir (above and right of center), Klamath Falls, OR (upper center), and Trinity Mountains (left and below). To the left of Clear Lake Reservoir, the two large black bodies of water, orthogonal to each other, are the Tule Lake Swamp Wildlife Refuge. Due south of this area, Medicine Lake in the Lava Beds National Monument can be seen. On the east border of the monument is a faint white line which can be traced from the Tule Lake - Clear Lake regions to the lower extremity of the image. This is a high voltage transmission line. Mount Shasta, snow-covered near its 14,162 foot peak, is a prominent feature of this image. North and slightly west is Herd Peak and black triangular Grass Lake at its southern base. On this peak, which appears to be an ancient volcanic crater, is a group of seven gray circular areas. A second crater just to the north contains a similar set of six areas. Although obviously man made, it is not possible to determine their purpose, however, a number of small airports occupy the valley to the west, as well as, the town of Weed. The series of objects in the Herd Peak craters may be associated with such valley activities.
MISSION: ERTS-1 Satellite
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Red, Pink, Gray, Blue, Black, White.
FILE: NEPTUNE
TITLE: Neptune, Filtered Photo
INFORMATION: This false-color photograph of Neptune was made from Voyager 2 images taken through three filters: blue, green, and a filter that passes light at a wavelength that is absorbed by methane gas. Thus, regions that appear white or bright red are those that reflect sunlight before it passes through a large quantity of methane. The image reveals the presence of a ubiquitous haze that covers Neptune in a semitransparent layer. Near the center of the disk, sunlight passes through the haze and deeper into the atmosphere, where some wavelengths are absorbed by methane gas, causing the center of the image to appear less red. Near the edge of the planet, the haze scatters sunlight at a higher altitude, above most of the methane, causing the bright red edge around the planet. By measuring haze brightness at several wavelengths, scientists are able to estimate the thickness of the haze and it's ability to scatter sunlight. The image is among the last full-disk photos that Voyager 2 took before beginning its endless journey into interstellar space. The Voyager Mission is conducted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications.
MISSION: Voyager 2
LOCATION: Space
COLORS: Blue, Red, White, Black
FILE: NEPTUNE2
TITLE: Neptune, Orange Filter
INFORMATION: In this false-color image of Neptune, objects that are deep in the atmosphere are blue, while those at higher altitudes are white. The image was taken by Voyager 2's wide-angle camera through an orange filter and two different methane filters. Light at methane wavelengths is mostly absorbed in the deeper atmosphere. The bright, white feature is a high-altitude cloud just south of the Great Dark Spot. The hard sharp inner boundary within the bright cloud is an artifact of computer processing on Earth. Other, smaller clouds associated with the Great Dark Spot are white or pink, and are also at high altitudes. Neptune's limb looks reddish because Voyager 2 is viewing it tangentially, and the sunlight is scattered back to space before it can be absorbed by the methane. A long, narrow band of high-altitude clouds near the top of the image is located at 25 degrees north latitude, and faint hazes mark the equator and polar regions. The Voyager Mission is conducted by the Jet propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications.
MISSION: Voyager 2
LOCATION: Space
COLORS: Blue, Red, White, Black
FILE: NEWYORK
TITLE: New York
INFORMATION: The dense urban development of the New York City metropolitan area in down state New York, Long Island and New Jersey shows up as gray and white on this color IR photograph. The scene was taken on a remarkably clear spring day. Almost all the major man-made structures of the area are obvious, including ship traffic in and out of New York Harbor, the piers, all of the bridges spanning the area rivers and connecting Manhattan Island with New Jersey, the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens, the three major airports (Newark, La Guardia, and JFK), the New York state thruway, as well as, Shea Stadium and Yankee Stadium. The reds and pinks are vegetated areas. Central Park clearly shows up on Manhattan, as do the string of parks along the cliffs (formed by the Palisades sill) along the west side of the Hudson north of the George Washington Bridge. This is one of 25 visuals used by the STS-39 crew at its May 17, 1991 post-flight press conference. Discovery's flight of eight days duration (launched April 28 from Kennedy Space Center and completed on May 6 with touchdown at the KSC's landing facility) was dedicated to the Department of Defense. Crew members were Astronauts: Michael L. Coats, L. Blaine Hammond, Guion S. Bluford, Richard J. Hieb, Gregory J. Harbaugh, Donald R. McMonagle, and Charles L. (Lacy) Veach.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 39
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Cyan, Tan, Brown, White, Black
FILE: NEWYORK2
TITLE: New York/New Jersey
INFORMATION: This is a color composite photo from the Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 (ERTS-1), taken from an altitude of 914 kilometers (568 statute miles) of the New York and New Jersey area. Three colors, green, red, and infrared, seen and recorded separately by the satellite, were combined at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. Healthy crops, trees, and other green plants which are very bright in the infrared but invisible to the naked eye, are shown as bright red. Suburban areas with sparse vegetation appear as light pink, and barren lands as light gray. Cities and industrial areas show as green or dark gray and clear water is completely black. Some of the notable geographical landmarks are: Hudson River (upper left down to middle right), New York City & Staten Island (middle right), Long Island (upper right to middle right), Newark, Jersey City and Elizabeth, NJ (middle right), Connecticut tip (upper right & left of Long Island).
MISSION: ERTS-1 Satellite
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Red, Orange, Pink, Blue, Cyan, White
FILE: NIGHTLF2
TITLE: Night Lift Off, Atlantis
INFORMATION: The Space Shuttle Atlantis soars through the night atop a pillar of flame and cloud. Space Shuttle Mission STS-38 lifted off from launch pad 39A at 6:38 PM EST, November 15, 1990, carrying a five-member crew on a classified flight for the Department of Defense. Crew members are Commander Richard O. Covey, Pilot Frank L. Culbertson, Jr., and Mission Specialists - Charles "Sam" Gemar, Robert C. Springer, and Carl J. Meade.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 38
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center, FL
COLORS: Blue, White, Orange, Gray, Black
FILE: NIGHTLFT
TITLE: Night Lift Off, Columbia
INFORMATION: The Space Shuttle Columbia lifts off from launch pad 39B at 1:49 am EST, December 2, 1990. Crew members are Commander Vance D. Brand, Pilot Guy S. Gardner, Mission Specialists - John "Mike" Lounge, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, and Robert A. R. Parker, and Payload Specialists - Samuel T. Durrance and Ronald A. Parise. Space Shuttle Mission STS-35 is carrying the Astro-1 astronomical laboratory on a ten-day flight dedicated to a single discipline, astrophysics.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 35
LOCATION: Kennedy Space Center
COLORS: Black, Gray, White, Orange
FILE: NILERIV
TITLE: Nile River Delta
INFORMATION: Egypt and the Nile River Delta are quickly recognizable in this picture, taken with a 250 mm lens on a Linhof camera. Cairo and the Egyptian pyramids are visible over the vertical stabilizer of the orbiter.
MISSION: Space Shuttle 41-G
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Sand, Orange, Gray, Royal Blue
FILE: NILERIV2
TITLE: Nile River Valley
INFORMATION: The Nile River Valley, Sinai Peninsula, the Dead Sea Rift Valley, and the deserts of Syria and northwestern Iraq are visible in this northeastern oblique view taken by the STS-37 crew in April, 1991. The city of Cairo in Egypt and the eastern Nile River Delta can be seen near the center left of the view. The Suez Canal, a major shipping transportation route for traffic to and from Europe to Indian Ocean ports is also visible. Near the bottom right of the photograph, the city of Thebes (The Valley of the Kings) can be seen. The border between Israel and Egypt is clearly visible near the center of the photo. This distinct line is caused by differing land use methods practiced by the two countries. This was one of the visuals used by the STS-37 crew members during their April 19 post-flight press conference at the Johnson Space Center (JSC).
MISSION: Space Shuttle 37
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Sand, Brown, Green, Royal Blue, White, Black
FILE: OKINAWA
TITLE: Okinawa, Japan
INFORMATION: STS-5 astronauts captured this view of Okinawa, Japan during the five-day, two hour flight. The Kadena Air Base and Naha Air Base can be seen in this picture of the lower half of the island. Onboard the Earth-orbiting Columbia for this mission were Astronauts - Commander Vance D. Brand, Pilot Robert F. Overmyer, Mission Specialists - William B. Lenoir and Joseph P. Allen
MISSION: Space Shuttle 5
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Tan, Green, Royal Blue, White
FILE: ORIONNEB
TITLE: Orion Nebula, M42
INFORMATION: U. S. Naval Observatory Photo
MISSION: Not Applicable
LOCATION: Not Applicable
COLORS: Black, Red, Blue, White
FILE: PERSNGLF
TITLE: Persian Gulf
INFORMATION: An early evening, high oblique view of the Persian Gulf area. Major cities and oil fields of the countries of Saudi Arabia (foreground), Iraq (top left), Iran (top center and top right), Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and portion of the United Arab Emirates are visible in the 35mm scene. The larger white spot scattered throughout the photo are cities. Those include Kuwait City, Baghdad, Basra and Faw in Iraq; Ab Dawhah in Qatar; Riyadh, Al Jubayl, Dharan, Al Huf, Ad Dilam, and Al Hariq in Saudi Arabia; and Bahrain along with its causeway to the mainland. Flares characteristic of oil field practices in this region are visible both onshore and offshore.
MISSION: Unknown
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Brown, Tan, Blue, White, Black
FILE: PLANVENS
TITLE: Planet Venus
INFORMATION: The Pioneer Venus Orbiter was in orbit until 1986. This view is one of 900 taken from 1978 through 1980. While the spacecraft made one orbit per day, the clouds rotate around the planet every four hours.
MISSION: Pioneer Venus Orbiter
LOCATION: Venus Orbit
COLORS: Beige, Brown, Black
FILE: PLUTO
TITLE: Pluto & Charon
INFORMATION: Pluto - the "Double Planet" NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has obtained the clearest pictures ever of our solar system's most distant and enigmatic object; the planet Pluto, using the European Space Agency's Faint Object Camera. A recent Faint Object Camera image of Pluto and Charon is shown in the upper right hand frame of the photograph. This image is the first long duration HST exposure ever taken of a moving target. In order to avoid smearing of the images, ground controllers had to pre-program the Hubble Telescope spacecraft to track Pluto extremely accurately and compensate exactly for the "parallax" introduced by the combined motions of Pluto, the Earth, and the Hubble Telescope in their respective orbits. Pluto is currently near its closest approach to the Earth in its 249 year journey around the Sun, and is approximately four and a half billion kilometers away. The bright object at the center of the frame is Pluto while Charon is the fainter object in the lower left. Charon is fainter than Pluto because it is smaller and, probably, because its surface is covered by water and ice whereas Pluto is thought to be covered mainly by the more reflective methane frost or snow. As indicated in the diagram at the bottom of the photo, Charon's orbit around Pluto is a circle seen nearly edge on from the Earth, with a radius of almost twenty thousand kilometers - distance equal to approximately one and a half times the diameter of the Earth. At the time of observation, Charon was near its maximum apparent distance from Pluto, so that its angular separation was about nine tenths of an arc second. Because of the peculiar orientation of the Pluto-Charon orbit with respect to our line of sight, Charon approaches to within less than one tenth of an arc second of Pluto every three days.
MISSION: Hubble Space Telescope Spacecraft
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Blue, White
FILE: PORTLAND
TITLE: Portland OR, Landsat
INFORMATION: This is a color composite photo from the Landsat-1 satellite taken from an altitude of 914 kilometers (568 statute miles) of the area on July 29, 1972. Three colors, green, red, and infrared seen and recorded separately by the satellite were combined at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland. Healthy crops, Trees, and other green plants which are very bright in the infrared but invisible to the naked eye, are shown as bright red. Suburban areas with sparse vegetation appear as light pink, and barren lands as light gray. Cities and industrial areas show as green or dark gray and clear water is completely black. Some of the notable geographical landmarks are: Portland, Oregon; Columbia River; Vancouver, Washington; Willamette River, Willamette Valley; Mount St. Helens (upper right); Lake Merwin; Yale Lake; Lewis River; Mossyrock Lake; Cowlitz River; Tillamook Bay; Willapa Bay; Cape Disappointment (top left).
MISSION: Landsat
LOCATION: Earth Orbit
COLORS: Dark Blue, Sand, Orange, White
FILE: QUASAR
TITLE: Quasar
INFORMATION: This x-ray picture taken by NASA's High Energy Astronomy Observatory 2 (HEAO-2) reveals a newly-discovered object (upper left) which appears to be the most distant, and brightest quasar yet observed to emit x-rays. Its Red Shift of Z-2.6 indicates that the light reaching us began its journey more than 10 billion years ago. Quasars are peculiar starlike objects believed to be at the boundaries of the known universe. The most distant quasar ever detected is 15.5 billion light years away. But with the sensitivity of HEAO's x-ray telescopes, scientists now believe they can detect even more distant quasars, if they exist. The bright object (lower right) is quasar 3C273, a familiar object to astronomers since its discovery a decade and a half ago. HEAO-2 has observed 20 known quasars; only three did not have strong x-ray radiation, showing that they are objects of incredibly high energy.
MISSION: Not Applicable
LOCATION: Deep Space
COLORS: Black, White, Blue, Cyan
FILE: SAHARA
TITLE: Sahara Desert
INFORMATION: Sahara Desert of West Africa. This view illustrates the work of winds on sand and the distinct patterns created.
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